Karenda inoshanduka kuita 2026 kwave nekufamba kwakakosha munyika ye zveruzhinji: shanduro dzekutanga dze Pluto y Betty Boop zvarega kuchengetedzwa nekodzero dzekodzero muUnited States, chiitiko chakakosha chine zvachinorevawo kune vagadziri nevanoburitsa mabhuku mu Spain neEuropeHatichatauri nezvedzidziso, asi nezve mukana chaiwo wekuti shandisazve zvinhu izvi zvekare pasina kukumbira mvumo kana kubhadhara marezenisi, chero bedzi zvimwe zvinhu zvemutemo zvichiremekedzwa.
Kusvetuka uku kwepamutemo kunoisa vanhu ava pamwe chete nevamwe vanhu vakatevera nzira imwechete mumakore achangopfuura, vakaita se shanduro dzekutanga dze Mickey Mouse o Winnie the poohKubva zvino zvichienda mberi, chero ani zvake anogona kuuya nenyaya itsva, ma parodies, kana kududzirwa patsva kwenyaya iyoyo. Pluto kubva muna 1930 and of the Betty Boop wepakutangachero bedzi zvisingavhiringidzwi neshanduro dzemazuva ano kana kuti zvisatyore zviratidzo zvekutengeserana zviripo.
Zvinorevei kuti Pluto naBetty Boop vachapinda muchirongwa cheveruzhinji muna 2026?
Muhurongwa hwekuAmerica, ndihwo hunoratidza kuchinja kwevatambi ava kuenda ku zveruzhinjiMabasa akabudiswa pamberi pa1978 anowanzo dzivirirwa nekodzero dzekunyora. Makore makumi mapfumbamwe nemashanu kubva pakuburitswa kwayoKana nguva iyoyo yapera, vanova chikamu chenhaka yetsika yakabatana: vanogona kuva kopi, gadzirisa, buritsa patsva, shandura kana shanduro pasina kukumbira mvumo kana kubhadhara mari yekushanda pakutanga.
Zuva rinokosha ndere 1 yeJanuary, inozivikanwa zvisina kurongeka se Zuva reVeruzhinjiPazuva iroro, shanduko yemamiriro emabasa ane nguva yekupedzisira yapera inotanga kushanda, uye gore rega rega boka idzva remazita rinowedzerwa. Muna 2026, chinangwa chikuru chichava pakugadzirwa kwe 1930, iyo inosanganisira mafirimu mapfupi emakatuni, mabhuku enganonyorwa, mafirimu ane ruzha uye nziyo dzakanyorwa dzakaratidza zana remakore rechi20.
Zvisinei, zvakakosha kuve pachena kuti "hunhu hwese hahuna kusunungurwa" muchidimbu, asi chaiyo shanduro izvo zvinoonekwa mumabasa ekutanga. Kureva kuti, chinopinda mumabasa everuzhinji magadzirirwo, hunhu, uye hunhu sezvazvakasimbiswa mumafirimu mapfupi ekutanga kana mabhuku, kwete hazvo kududzirwa patsva kwakazotevera, kwakanyatsogadzirwa kana kutengeswa makumi emakore gare gare.
Kune vagadziri vari muSpain kana kune dzimwe nzvimbo dzeEurope, shanduko iyi muUnited States inovhura mikana, asi haivasunungure pakuongorora mutemo wegaPano hurongwa hwakasiyana: mutemo unowanzo kuve rufu rwemunyori pamwe nemakore makumi manomwe (80 kana vamwe vakafa 1987 isati yasvika muSpain). Kunyangwe zvakadaro, mitemo yeUS yekodzero dzekunyora inokanganisa mapuratifomu epasi rose, vagovanisi, uye chero chirongwa chine chekuita nepasi rose.
Mavhezheni akaburitswa ePluto naBetty Boop akaita sei?
Munyaya ye Betty BoopChaburitswa ndechake danho rekutanga, uyo anoonekwa mumafirimu mapfupi akagadzirwa neFleischer Studios muna 1930. Kutanga kwake kunoitika mu "Ndiro Dzine Dzungu"Uye hachisi chimiro chemunhu chakagadzirwa zvakanaka icho vanhu vazhinji vari kufunga nezvacho, asi rudzi rwe imbwa inofarira vanhu: chiso chemwana mudiki, dhirezi pfupi rakapfeka zvipfeko, tsiye dzakanyanya kukwidziridzwa… asi ne nzeve dzepoodle dzinodonha uye mhino diki nhema iyo, nekufamba kwenguva, yaizoshandurwa kuita mhete uye dhizaini yemunhu.
Vanopinda mubazi rezveruzhinji muna 2026 mafirimu ake mapfupi ekutanga kubva panguva iyoyo, senge "Ndiro Dzine Dzungu""Barnacle Bill," "Accordion Joe," uye "Mysterious Mose" vanotsanangura hunhu hwake sehusina ruzivo uye husina maturo. Ndiwo chaiwo maitiro aya ekutanga, nerunako rwavo rwakaoma uye rwekuedza, ayo munhu wese anogona kushandisazve mumabasa matsva, kubva pamabhurugwa mapfupi ane mifananidzo kusvika kumapurojekiti ane ruzha rwekuona.
Con Pluto Chimwe chinhu chakafanana chinoitika. Chinoramba chiri chemahara ndicho kuva munhu wekutanga kubva kumbwa yaMickey, iyo yakabuda mumafirimu mapfupi e 1930Pakutanga kwake kuonekwa mufirimu pfupi "Pikiniki"Akanga asati azivikanwa saPluto, asi se Rover, imbwa ichiri munzira yekuva chiratidzo, iyo yakawana mukurumbira zvishoma nezvishoma kusvika yava shamwari yaMickey Mouse isingaparadzaniswi.
Shanduro iyoyo ye Rover/Pluto kubva muna 1930 Ndiyo inowira munzvimbo yekushandisa mahara. Dhizaini yakanyatsojeka uye inozivikanwa iyo veruzhinji vanobatanidza nePluto nhasi, mhedzisiro yemakore ekushanduka-shanduka kwemifananidzo uye nyaya muDisney, inogona kuramba yakachengetedzwa nekodzero dzekodzero dzemabasa anotevera uye ne trademarks yakabatana nemunhu wacho.
Mhedzisiro yacho iri pachena: studio yakazvimirira inogona kugadzira firimu pfupi rine Imbwa yaBetty Boop kana a Pluto yekutanga pasina kubhadhara marezenisi, chero bedzi ichitevedzera shanduro idzodzo dzegore ra1930 uye isingashandisi malogo, mafonti kana zvinhu zvemhando zvinoreva kushandiswa kuri kuitwa vanhu ava mukutengeserana.
Ruzhinji rwevanhu, kodzero dzekodzero uye zviratidzo zvekutengeserana: miganhu yepamutemo iri kupi?
Imwe yepfungwa dzisiri dzechokwadi dzinowanzoitika ndeyekufunga kuti, kana basa rapinda zveruzhinji, otomatiki zvese zvine chekuita nazvo hazvina muripoHazvisi izvo. Tinofanira kusiyanisa pakati copyright (nezvebasa rekutanga rekugadzira) uye trademarks (maererano nemazita, malogo, zviratidzo zvekutengeserana, nezvimwewo).
MuUnited States, pamhemberero yekusvitsa makore makumi mapfumbamwe nemashanu kubva pakuburitswa kwayo, Copyright basa rekutanga rinopera, asi Makambani anogona kuramba achishanda chero bedzi varidzi vadzo vachidzivandudza uye vachidzishandisa mukutengeserana. Izvi zvinokanganisa zvakananga nyaya dzakadai se Betty Boop o Pluto, inowanikwa zvikuru mukutengesa, kupa marezenisi, zvipfeko, matoyi kana mishandirapamwe yekushambadzira.
Saka, mugadziri wekuEurope anoda kushandisa vanhu ava vari kupinda mubazi rezveruzhinji anofanira kutarisa zvinhu zviviri: chekutanga, kuti chaiyo shanduro iyo inoshandisa yakaburitswa (semuenzaniso, Betty Boop yemakore ekuma1930 kwete shanduro yemakore ekuma40); kune rumwe rutivi, dzivisa kuratidza basa rake se "repamutemo" kana kuti zvine chekuita nemakambani anotarisira mabrandi. Kushandisa hunhu mubasa rekugadzira chimwe chinhu; kutengesa zvigadzirwa zvichiita sekuti une rezenisi yepamutemo chimwe chinhu chakasiyana zvachose.
Masangano ane hunyanzvi, akadai se Center for the Study of Public Domain Avo vanobva kuDuke University vanotsigira pfungwa iyi gore rega rega: content Basa rekutanga rinova remunhu wese, asi zviratidzo zvekutengeserana zvakasiyana Vanogona kuramba vakapfeka nhumbi dzehondo. Izvi zvinoshandawo kune vamwe mifananidzo yakatorwazve Mifananidzo yemhando yepamusoro kana mabasa ehunyanzvi: chidimbu chegore ra1930 chingave chiri pachena, asi mufananidzo wazvino wakatorwa nemuseum wacho unogona kuchengetedzwa woga.
Pamusoro pezvo, mune mumwe musiyano unokosha pakati pe mimhanzi (rwiyo nemashoko) uye kurekodha Zvikuru. Marwiyo egore ra1930 achaburitswa muna 2026, asi kurekodhwa zvinopinda mubazi reveruzhinji muUnited States zvinowanzoenderana ne 1925nekuda kwenguva yakasiyana yepamutemo. Nemamwe mashoko, mamakisi egore ra1930 anogona kurongwa uye kuimbwa pasina matambudziko, asi rekodhi ine mukurumbira yemunguva iyoyo inogona kuchengetedzwa.
Kukanganiswa muSpain neEurope: pane mukana wekugadzira Pluto naBetty Boop
Mumamiriro ezvinhu eEurope, uye kunyanya mu Españapfungwa ye zveruzhinji Zvakasiyana asi zvinopindirana. Pano, zvakajairika kuti basa rive pachena. Makore makumi manomwe mushure mekufa kwemunyoriinoverengwa kubva musi wa1 Ndira wegore rakatevera kufa kwavo. Kune vanyori vakafa musi wa7 Zvita 1987 usati wasvika, nguva yacho inowedzerwa kusvika 80 makoreizvo zvinotsanangura kuti sei mazita matsva achiwedzerwa pane katalogu Ndira wega wega Raibhurari Yenyika yeSpain.
Zvichakadaro, muUnited States, 2026 inoburitsa mabasa e 1930 Kufanana nemabhurugwa mapfupi ekutanga aPluto naBetty Boop, zviri kuwedzerwa muSpain gore rino zvine chekuita zvakanyanya ne vanyori vakafa muna 1945 uye nezvisikwa zvine nguva yekudzivirirwa yapera. Izvi zvinoreva kuti Hazvisi zvese zviri mahara muUnited States zvinongoerekana zvasununguka muEuropeZvisinei, mukuita, mapurojekiti mazhinji edhijitari anoshanda pasi rose, achigadzirisa hurongwa hwavo kuti huenderane nehurongwa hweAmerica.
Kune studio yemifananidzo yeSpanish, muparidzi akazvimiririra, kana mugadziri wemitambo yemavhidhiyo yeEurope, chinzvimbo chitsva chaPluto naBetty Boop muUnited States chinovhura hwindo rinonakidza: vanogona shandisazve shanduro dzegore ra1930 mumabasa akagadzirirwa musika wepasi rose, vachigara vachingwarira kuti vasapinde munzvimbo dzakachengetedzwa nezviratidzo zvekutengeserana kana kodzero dzichiri kushanda munyika yavo.
Kuchinja uku kunowedzera kune kwakakura: kwe mafirimu, mabhuku uye zvinyorwa kubva muna 1930 dziri kupindawo muchivande uye dziri kupararira muEurope. Mazita akadai sekuti "Zvikwekwe zveMhuka" veMarx Brothers, "Ngirozi Yebhuruu" naMarlene Dietrich, kana mabhuku akaita seaya "Ndiri kufa" naWilliam Faulkner uye "Rufu muVicarage" Mabasa aAgatha Christie anotanga kutenderera pasina zvirambidzo zvakafanana, izvo zvinoita kuti akwanise kuratidzwa, kudhindwa patsva, uye kugadziriswa muEurope.
Pamwe chete nevatambi vane mifananidzo, vamwe vatambi vanopindawo muchikamu cheveruzhinji. Mabhuku ekutanga aNancy Drew —kutanga na "Chakavanzika cheWachi Yekare"—, pamwe chete nemufananidzo we Miss Marple pakutanga kwake kwemabhuku uye mupurisa Sam foshoro mune vhezheni yakazara ye "Falcon yeMalta"Zvese izvi zvinogadzira nzvimbo yakanaka yekuti vabudisi, mapuratifomu ekutepfenyura, uye vagadziri vemaaudio muSpain nedzimwe nyika dzeEurope vaongorore shanduro itsva uye dudziro dzemafirimu aya ekare.
Mikana yekugadzira: kubva kumabhaisikopo eB-movie kusvika kumapurojekiti akakomba etsika
Mumakore achangopfuura kwave nekatsika kanoshamisa: pese panofarirwa munhu zveruzhinjiHazvitore nguva kuti munhu aonekwe rinotyisa bhaisikopo kana kududzirwa kwakanyanyisa kunoshandisa sechiredzo. Izvi zvakaitika ne Winnie the pooh en "Uchi neRopa" kana kuti neMickey inonyadzisa mumitambo isina mari yakawanda, uye chimwe chinhu chakafanana chingangoitika naPluto kana Betty Boop munguva pfupi iri kutevera.
Chiitiko ichi chine tsananguro iri nyore: vatambi vatove anozivikanwa zvikuru veruzhinji, asi yekutanga vhezheni Hazvisisina kubatana nekambani hombe. Izvi zvinobvumira makambani madiki ekugadzira mapurojekiti ane mukurumbira wekutengeserana pasina kubhadhara mari yerezinesi. MuSpain kana kune dzimwe nyika dzeEurope, hazvingashamisi kuona mafirimu mapfupi, makomiki, kana kunyange mapodcasts engano vanotamba nemifananidzo iyi kuburikidza nekusetsa kwakasviba, kuseka, kana kukudza.
Asi sarudzo dzakasiyana-siyana dzinopfuura zvinhu zvinotyisa zvemafirimu eB-movie. Kune masangano etsika, vadzidzisi, kana vezvenhau veruzhinji, simba reveruzhinji. kuratidza mafirimu ekare, vachishandisa zvidimbu zviri mumadocumentary, sanganisira zvinyorwa muzvidzidzo zvekudzidzisa kana kutotanga kuunganidzwa kwedhijitari pasina kusawirirana kwepamutemo kwakafanana nekwakare.
Semuenzaniso, munyaya dzemimhanzi, nziyo dzakadai se "Ndine Rhythm", "Rota Roto Kadiki Pandiri" o "Georgia Iri Mupfungwa Dzangu" Anoramba ari emahara semabhuku akanyorwa, izvo zvinoita kuti kushandiswa kwawo kuve nyore mumapurojekiti ejazz, nziyo dzepakutanga, kana zviitiko zvedzidzo. Zvisinei, izvi zvinogara zvichirambidzwa kuti zvakarekodhwa zvekare Avo vema30 vanogona kuramba vakadzivirirwa kwenguva yakareba.
Kune mastudio emifananidzo akazvimiririra muEurope, mukana wekuti shandisazve mavara ekare Kufanana naBetty Boop kana Pluto muma1930s, inoshanda senge nzira pfupi yekugadziraHapana chikonzero chekugadzira chiratidzo chinoonekwa kubva pakutanga; ingochitsanangura patsva mukati memiganhu yepamutemo. Uye kumabhizinesi madiki, kushandisa zvinyorwa zveveruzhinji mumakampeni, maposta, kana zvigadzirwa zvetsika kunogona kukonzera kuchengetedza mari yakawanda yerezinesi.
Kupfuura mifananidzo: yegore ra1930 richaburitswa muna 2026
Kunyangwe hazvo kutariswa kwenhau kuripo Pluto y Betty BoopGore ra2026 rinounza zvakawanda zve inoshanda kubva muna 1930 zvinopinda muchivande. Mumafirimu, izvozvo zvinosanganisira zvese kubva mumafirimu anorwisa mauto "Runyararo rwese kumberi" kune vanopenga "Zvikwekwe zveMhuka", kusanganisira mazita akadai sekuti "Ngirozi Yebhuruu", "Mambo weJazz" kana zvigadzirwa zvine mazita anozivikanwa se Greta garbo, John wayne o Bing crosby.
Mumabhuku nepfungwa, pamwe chete nezvikamu zvekutanga zve Nancy Drew naMiss Marple, mabasa anorema anoburitswa akadai se "Ndiri kufa" naWilliam Faulkner, "Rudzi Rwevanhu Nekusagutsikana Kwarwo" naSigmund Freud kana kuti shanduro yakazara ye "Falcon yeMalta" naDashiell Hammett. Vese vanogona kuva rakashandurwa, rakagadziriswa, rakagadziriswa uye rakagadziriswazve nevanoburitsa mabhuku vekuEurope vasina kumanikidzwa kutaurirana nezvekodzero dzekodzero, izvo zvinovhura mukana wezvinyorwa zvitsva zvine tsananguro, muunganidzwa wenyaya kana kugadziriswa kweshanduro dzekare.
Kunewo mhedzisiro pa hunyanzvi hwekuonanemabasa emifananidzo akadai se Salvador Dali, Piet Mondrian o Paul Klee avo, zvichienderana nenyika nemitemo chaiyo, vanotanga kufamba munzvimbo ine rusununguko rwakakura. Zvakare, pfungwa huru ye mifananidzo yakatorwazveMufananidzo wekutanga ungave uri weveruzhinji, asi mifananidzo yepamusoro-soro inotarisirwa nemuseum yekuEurope inogona kunge iri pasi pemutemo wekodzero dzevanyori.
MuSpain, iyo Raibhurari Yenyika Gore rega rega, inoratidza vanyori vane mabasa anopinda munharaunda yeruzhinji, runyorwa runosanganisira vapendi, vanyori, masayendisiti, uye vanofunga. Kunyangwe izvi zvisina hukama zvakananga naPluto kana Betty Boop, chikamu chemaitiro akafanana ayo mabasa ekare anorega kusungirirwa kune mumwe muridzi wekodzero uye kuva chikamu chinoshanda che nhaka yakagovaniswa.
Zvese izvi zvinobatsira kunzwisisa kuti sei masangano, vatongi nemapoka etsika muEurope vari kutevera zvakanyanya Zuva reVeruzhinjiHarisi runyorwa rwezvinhu zvinoshamisa chete, asi mepu yemikana yekudzokorodza, kududzira patsva uye kutenderedza zvinhu izvo zvingadai zvakaiswa muzvinyorwa nemasherufu.
Musuwo we Pluto y Betty Boop Kupinda muchirongwa cheveruzhinji mumavhezheni aro e1930, muchokwadi, ipfungwa huru yechando chakakura: shanduko yedanho iro, musi wa1 Ndira wega wega, rinowedzera nzvimbo yemitambo yevagadziri, vabudisi, mamiziyamu nevadzidzisi vese vari mu United States sezvazviri EuropeKubva zvino zvichienda mberi, mafambiro embwa dzekare, dzisina kunaka, uye dzichiri kusagadzirwa anogona kuenderana nekududzirwazve kwemazuva ano, kubva kumafirimu anonyadzisa kusvika kumapurojekiti edzidzo uye rondedzero dzakakomba dzemavhidhiyo, mukuenzanisa kwakasimba pakati perusununguko rwunopihwa neveruzhinji nemiganhu ichiri kuiswa nekodzero dzekodzero nezviratidzo.
